Excimer laser surgery changes the geometry of the cornea. As a result of such an operation, the human optical system becomes more perfect, and the patient no longer needs to use products for optical correction (glasses or contact lenses).
It is important to note that during the surgical treatment of ametropia, the refractive power of the retina changes, as a result of which the rays from the image are clearly focused in the macular zone. At the same time, vision becomes significantly better.
Why does vision decrease?
Refraction refers to the optical power of the entire eye. Refraction is usually expressed in diopters. When this function is disturbed, the visual acuity decreases, which leads to a decrease in the quality of life.
Astigmatism, myopia and farsightedness in all cases were accompanied by a decrease in visual acuity. Any refractive error leads to the fact that the focus of the ray is not in the plane of the retina, but in front or behind it. Therefore, such patients require correction of visual function using external optical devices (glasses or contact lenses). This need can cause some inconvenience and is sometimes insecure.
Among diseases accompanied by refractive error, myopia is the most common. According to statistics, a third of all inhabitants of the Earth suffer from myopia. This disease can be diagnosed at any age, but most often patients with myopia are diagnosed at the age of 8-16 years. In the future, the disease may stabilize or continue to progress. In any case, myopia affects the quality of life, causing discomfort to the patient, and therefore requires a lot of attention from specialists.
It should be noted that any visual impairment requires mandatory correction. Many people believe that when using glasses for vision correction, visual acuity decreases, but this is not true. On the contrary, if you do not use any correction methods, your eyes may stop working, which will surely lead to amblyopia over time. In this case, even with perfect vision correction, it will not be 100%
Why do you need laser vision correction?
Due to the fact that many people suffer from refractive errors (farsightedness, astigmatism, myopia), experts are constantly developing new methods of effective treatment. One of the new methods that are very effective for ametropia is laser vision restoration.
Despite the fact that both glasses and contact lenses are widespread, easy to use and affordable, every day several thousand people turn to specialists with a request for laser vision correction.
It is quite simple to explain why this happens. First, even the most modern glasses bring some discomfort to their owner. When worn for a long time, there is pressure on the bridge of the nose and ears, which is sometimes accompanied by pain. It is also very inconvenient to wear glasses in winter, because with a sharp change in temperature in a warm room, the glasses immediately fog up. In addition, when you are engaged in active sports, glasses not only cause discomfort, but can also be dangerous.
Glasses, like contact lenses, can be forgotten or lost, so prudent people always have an extra pair to replace them.
If you choose the right contact lenses, they will undoubtedly cause less discomfort. For example, the lenses do not fog up, do not put pressure on the bridge of the nose and are comfortable for active activities. However, when using any lenses, even the most modern ones, the concentration of oxygen in the cells of the cornea decreases. As a result, vessels from the lower layers begin to grow into the cornea, and over time dry eye syndrome may develop. Generally, irreversible changes in the eye occur 5-10 years after starting to use contact lenses. After that, patients often have to switch to glasses or look for another alternative.
Laser correction of refractive error helps the patient to give up contact lenses and glasses forever, so this treatment ensures a high standard of living.
It is important to know that not all patients are suitable for laser treatment of ametropia. For example, children under the age of 18 cannot undergo laser correction, because the growth of their eyeball is not yet complete. For this category of patients, glasses and contact lenses are the only possible way to improve visual acuity. In this case, it is important to wear the lenses correctly so that irreversible changes do not occur on the cornea. An ophthalmologist will help you in this if you visit him regularly and monitor the dynamics of vision changes.
Preoperative preparation for laser vision correction
To perform laser vision correction surgery, you must first undergo a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. During the diagnosis, the doctor assesses the condition of the eyeball as a whole and all its structures separately. Many important parameters are also measured.
The main diagnostic methods include:
- Visometry, i. e. measurement of visual acuity;
- Pneutonometry, necessary to determine the value of intraocular pressure;
- Pachymetry, during which the thickness of the cornea is measured;
- Autorefractometry, in which the refraction of the eye is determined automatically;
- Echobiometry necessary to measure the length of the eye;
- Perimetry, i. e. determining the limits of the field of vision;
- Schrimer's test is necessary to assess the amount of tear fluid produced;
- Computer topographic analysis of the cornea, which is a modern method for clarifying the structure of the cornea;
- Examination of the fundus structures after preliminary maximum mydriasis using medicated drops.
After careful preoperative preparation and diagnostics, the doctor can speak with great certainty about what kind of results the patient can expect after laser correction. It also allows you to avoid the most common complications in the postoperative period.
How is laser vision correction performed?
During the operation, a minimally invasive effect is performed on the substance of the cornea, which leads to a change in the curvature of its surface.
After the doctor has corrected the shape of the cornea with an excimer laser, the rays from the image converge at one point located strictly in the plane of the retina. All methods used in modern medicine are very safe, accurate and provide high visual acuity.
The laser vision correction operation itself takes about 10-15 minutes on average. During the operation, local anesthesia is used, which is performed with special eye drops. This allows you to minimize pain, both during and after the procedure. After the surgery, the patient is monitored in the clinic for about an hour and a half. Then the patient is sent home, having previously given all the recommendations. It is important to note that laser vision correction surgery has practically no effect on the patient's rhythm of life, i. e. limitations in the postoperative period are minimal.
Already at the stage of a complete medical examination, the doctor will give all explanations regarding the characteristics of the preoperative and recovery period. To systematize this information, there are very convenient reminders in which the patient will find answers to all his questions.
Advantages of excimer laser vision restoration
Excimer laser vision correction is a very common procedure that is in demand in all countries.
Advantages of the method include:
- Reliability of results;
- Painless;
- Speed of execution (no more than a quarter of an hour);
- security;
- Carrying out manipulations on an outpatient basis;
- A wide range of possibilities;
- Short recovery period;
- Predictable and predictable result with high accuracy;
- No cuts or stitches;
- Simplicity and accessibility;
- No additional tests are required;
- High efficiency that lasts a lifetime.
It should be noted that, despite the wide possibilities of laser vision correction, this operation does not guarantee the absence of various eye pathologies in the future.
Contraindications for laser vision restoration
Unfortunately, it is not always possible to perform laser correction of visual function. All contraindications for this operation can be divided into two large groups: temporary and permanent. Among the temporary contraindications, the most common are eye (or body as a whole) pathologies that are reversible. After these diseases are cured, it is quite possible to perform laser correction. Temporary contraindications include:
- Progressive myopia, because the refraction is not stable;
- Acute inflammatory changes, both in the eye itself and in other body systems;
- Pregnancy;
- Lactation period;
- Fundus changes, including ruptures and dystrophic changes;
- Degenerative processes in corneal cells.
If there are permanent contraindications, laser vision correction becomes impossible. This includes:
- Thin cornea;
- Glaucoma;
- Lens subluxation;
- Retinal ablation;
- Cataract;
- Decompensated diabetes mellitus;
- Previous surgical treatment of retinal detachment.
It is interesting that even if there are absolute contraindications for laser vision correction, you can choose an effective alternative method of treatment that will help restore vision.
The main differences between laser surgery and other techniques
Laser correction of refractive error includes several types. After reading the name, most patients do not understand the essence of the operation, because abbreviations or established expressions are mostly used. The difference between REIC and LASIK operations compared to SuperLASIK is the second stage of the operation, when a femtosecond laser is included in the process.
The term SuperLASIK, which is used in practice, is not entirely accurate, because patients may think that the conventional LASIK technique is somehow inferior to it and that it is inferior. In foreign literature, a more correct term is used (custom LASIK). In translation, this operation should be called personalized LASIK. This is not to say that traditional LASIK surgery has disadvantages. It's just that in some special cases it is preferable to perform SuperLASIK, while in other situations you can limit yourself to simple LASIK surgery. Therefore, when choosing a method of laser vision correction, an individual approach should be used that takes into account the data of the preoperative examination.
An important difference between FemtoLASIK and traditional laser correction is that the operation is completely non-contact. The first stage, in which the surface flap of the cornea is cut with a microkeratome blade, is performed in FemtoLASIK with a femtosecond laser. This technique is quite new, so not enough experience has yet been accumulated to clearly establish its effectiveness and safety.
Many doctors believe that the femtosecond laser is much safer than the microkeratome, but other experts disagree and prefer mechanical flap formation.
Another new method of laser vision correction is the Smail operation. During this procedure, only the femtosecond laser is used, and the phase of formation of the superficial valve from the corneal tissue is omitted. In this case, a break is immediately formed in the deep layers of the cornea. The latter is removed through a minimal incision (2-4 mm) in the superficial layers of the cornea using a special instrument. This incision is also made with a femtosecond laser.
It is very important to understand that vision and eyes are one of the most important tools for human interaction with the outside world. Few people can disagree that a person needs eyes all the time, i. e. 365 days a year. That is why it is very important to take care of them from a young age.